For quick access to high quality information for your assignments, try the links on these pages.

Set up the University VPN system to access these resources any time, anywhere.

New - 1st May 2025Changes happening to Ebook Central.

Reading Lists

Your lecturers spend a lot of time deciding which resources to recommend, so always look at your module reading lists first. The link above takes you to the lists for courses in SASSHPL.

Key Starters for Essays and Dissertations

  • Think about what you need to find.
  • Look at your topic and identify keywords and phrases which will help you find relevant information.
  • Ask yourself whether other words are often used to describe parts of the topic e.g. teenagers, youths, adolescents and note these down for your search too.
  • Decide what type of information you need and where you are going to search. The details below and the other sections on this subject page will help you with this.

It is important to understand the type of information you need when researching for your assignment.  For example you may want to start by finding definitions or background information. You may have been asked to find journal articles. Alternatively you may be seeking professional information, statistics or research findings. Once you have decided what type of information you need, you can use the Ocean of Information to help you understand the value of different sources and how to access them. When using the Library's Discovery Service to search, you will find that you can get a list of sources to choose from by clicking Add filters under the search box, then moving down to Source Types in the column which pops out on the right.

Evaluating your sources is also crucial when writing a piece of academic work - the Evaluating information section on the library website will guide you through this process.

Books often provide an excellent overview of a topic and are a great resource when starting an assignment.

To find print books:

Search the Library Catalogue (second search box on the page)
For each book, note the floor, number and letter code: FIRST FLOOR 320.5 HEY - save time by taking a photo!

To find ebooks:

Search the Library Catalogue (second search box on the page)
Filter your search on the left hand side to 'Electronic Books'.  
Click on the title of the ebook to load the full record, then use 'Online access' to view.

If you want to search within ebook packages, you will find those most relevant to you in the next 2 sections.

  • Credo Reference

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Explore Credo for trusted reference sources like dictionaries - a great alternative to Wikipedia! 

    Watch these short videos to get started:

    1. Search tips
    2. Using the automated mind map
  • Ebook Central

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access around 200,000 ebooks across all subject areas.

  • Europa World

    Up-to-date, key facts and statistics, and background essays, for countries across Africa, Asia, Latin America, Russia and Eastern Europe.

    To access:

    Login and then choose Login via Institution. 

  • House of Commons Library

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Research and analysis on a wide variety of topics from education, poverty and social policy to foreign policy, trade and economics produced by impartial experts in the House of Commons Library. Either click Research at the top of the screen, then scroll down to browse by topic or click Search at the top right of the screen, then change to Search all research services before putting in your topic so that you can pick up House of Lords reports as well as House of Commons.

  • Oxford Research Encyclopedia: African History

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Read authoritative, peer-reviewed, regularly updated entries written by experts on African History from across the world. Topics include African Diaspora, Afrocentrism, Oral Traditions, Women's History, Religious History, Slavery and Colonial History.

  • Oxford Research Encyclopedia: Politics

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    World experts give you accurate, unbiased and up-to-date overviews of a wide range of political topics e.g. arms control/reduction, comparative foreign policy analysis, foreign aid as a foreign policy tool, maritime piracy, new public management, non-state actors and foreign policy, political party membership, politics and mass media, public policy. Each entry is designed to take 30 mins or less to read so have a look here when you have a new topic to research.

  • Oxford Research Encyclopedia: International Studies

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    World experts give you accurate, unbiased and up-to-date overviews of a wide range of topics across IR and development e.g. civil wars, cultural diplomacy, dependency, development theory, environmental activism, feminist security studies, food insecurity, foreign aid, foreign policy analysis, global political economy, international order, regional integration in Africa, state terrorism, sustainable development, UN peacekeeping. Each entry is designed to take 30 mins or less to read so have a look here when you have a new topic to research.

    This short video explains the benefits of this source.

    For search tips watch this video.

  • Oxford Handbooks Online: Political Science

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    These handbooks offer thorough introductions and a survey of the current state of research in key topics such as war, civil society, politics of individual countries, comparative politics, political economy, political theory, public policy, nuclear policy and the United Nations. Chapters review key issues and major debates and indicate how the debates might evolve.

    Watch this video about how to make the most of the features available.

  • Routledge Handbooks Online

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Over 250 unlimited access in-depth guides to current and classic research across a range of subject areas. If you can't access something via this site, put the book title into our general Portsmouth catalogue as we have some titles via Ebook Central instead.

Research Methods

  • Sage Research Methods

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access books and videos about quantitative and qualitative research methods and many more social science research topics. Use the Tools drop-down at the top centre of the screen to access a handy Project Planner which is full of FAQs about what you need to consider at each stage in a project/dissertation. Tools also contains a Methods Map which is ideal for quickly finding details about a particular research method.

Finding Articles

For most assignments, our Discovery Service will give you enough sources to work with. This short video shows you how to get the best from Discovery for Politics/IR.

Sometimes you may want to try specific databases or journals - perhaps your lecturer has recommended particular sources as a good way of finding articles. This section lists key sources for Politics and International Relations.

Scholarly, peer-reviewed journals are highly regarded as a source of academic information because they include expert opinions, research findings and references to follow up.

They are written by specialised professionals and academics (such as your lecturers) from around the world.

Finding, reading and referencing relevant journal articles will help you get the highest marks.

  • British Journal of Politics & International Relations

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A top, peer-reviewed journal covering British politics and Britain's relationship with Europe and the wider world.

  • The Conversation - Politics + Society

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Search and browse, or sign up to the daily newsletter, for an independent source of news analysis and informed comment written by academic experts working with professional journalists to reach a wider audience. The Conversation aims to provide the expert insight needed to better understand current affairs and the complex issues we face.

  • European Journal of International Relations

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A highly rated, peer-reviewed journal covering IR subjects and theories of interest to researchers around the world.

  • International Affairs

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Britain's leading, peer-reviewed journal of international relations. This lively, provocative journal will keep you up-to-date with critical thinking on the key issues shaping world economic and political change.

  • International Peacekeeping

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Examines the theory and practice of peacekeeping and peace operations as instruments of policy at an international level. This peer-reviewed journal also reflects debates about peacebuilding and monitoring of agreements, preventive deployments, sanctions, international policing, protection of aid in internal disputes, and the relationship between peacekeepers, state authorities, rival factions, civilians and non-governmental organizations.

  • International Security

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A top, American, peer-reviewed journal covering the full range of contemporary security issues from traditional topics such as war and peace, to more recent dimensions of security, including the growing importance of environmental, demographic, and humanitarian issues, and the rise of global terrorist networks.

  • Review of International Studies

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A top, peer-reviewed journal covering IR and related fields - very popular with Portsmouth students.

  • British Journal of Politics & International Relations

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A top, peer-reviewed journal covering British politics and Britain's relationship with Europe and the wider world.

  • Comparative Political Studies

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A peer-reviewed journal covering comparative methodology, theory, and research from around the world with important implications for the formation of domestic and foreign policies.

  • The Conversation - Politics + Society

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Search and browse, or sign up to the daily newsletter, for an independent source of news analysis and informed comment written by academic experts working with professional journalists to reach a wider audience. The Conversation aims to provide the expert insight needed to better understand current affairs and the complex issues we face.

  • East European Politics and Societies

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    This international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal is a good source for critical issues related to Eastern Europe.

  • Environmental Politics

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A top, peer-reviewed journal which examines the evolution of environmental movements and parties. It also provides analysis of the making and implementation of public policy in the area of the environment at international, national and local levels and comments on ideas generated by environmental movements and organisations, and by individual theorists.

  • European Journal of Political Research

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A top, peer-reviewed journal covering conceptual and comparative perspectives in political science.

  • Parliamentary Affairs

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A peer-reviewed journal covering all the aspects of government and politics directly or indirectly connected with Parliament and parliamentary systems in Britain and throughout the world.

  • Political Quarterly

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A peer-reviewed journal including “some of the best writing about both topical issues and underlying trends in UK and European politics” (Professor Lord Raymond Plant).

  • Public Administration

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A major, peer-reviewed journal dealing with all aspects of public administration, public policy and public management.

  • West European Politics

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    One of the most authoritative, peer-reviewed journals covering political and social issues in Western Europe. It always provides excellent coverage of all national elections in Western Europe.

  • African Affairs

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The top ranked, peer-reviewed journal in African Studies. It focuses on the politics and international relations of sub-Saharan Africa but also includes also includes sociology, anthropology, and economics.

  • African Security

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A key, peer-reviewed journal covering conflict and security within and between African nations.

  • Journal of Modern African Studies

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A key, peer-reviewed journal covering current issues in African politics, economies, societies and international relations.

  • Review of African political economy

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A major, peer-reviewed journal focusing on the political economy of inequality, exploitation, oppression and struggles against them

  • Third World Quarterly

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The leading peer-reviewed journal covering issues affecting the emerging worlds

  • European Union Politics

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    One of the very best peer-reviewed journals covering all aspects of the process of government, politics and policy in the European Union.

  • Journal of Common Market Studies

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The leading, peer-reviewed journal covering the European Union. The articles are high quality and very readable.

  • Journal of Contemporary European Studies

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A key, peer-reviewed journal covering many cross-Europe topics of interest to courses taught at Portsmouth.

  • Journal of European Integration

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A peer-reviewed journal on European integration which also presents comparative studies of federalism, other forms of regional integration, and articles dealing with EU external relations, whether in the trade or security policy field.

  • Journal of European Public Policy

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A very popular, peer-reviewed journal which provides a comprehensive source of analytical, theoretical and methodological articles in the field of European public policy.

  • West European Politics

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    One of the most authoritative, peer-reviewed journals covering political and social issues in Western Europe. It always provides excellent coverage of all national elections in Western Europe.

  • Democratization

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A very popular, peer-reviewed journal which encourages debate on the many aspects of democratization which are of interest to policy-makers, administrators, journalists, aid and development personnel, as well as those in education. The developing world and post-communist societies are of particular interest, but no area is excluded.

  • HAHR: Hispanic American Historical Review

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Highly respected, peer-reviewed articles on Latin American history and culture.

  • Latin American Perspectives

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A peer-reviewed journal which offers a multidisciplinary view of the forces that shape the Americas. Most issues focus on a single problem, nation, or region, providing an in-depth look from participants and scholars.

  • Latin American Politics and Society

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A peer-reviewed journal which focuses on the states, societies, economies, and international relations of the Americas.

  • Bulletin of Latin American Research

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A peer-reviewed journal covering Latin America, the Caribbean, inter-American relations and the Latin American Diaspora across Social Science and Humanities topics.

  • Journal of Latin American Studies

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The most well-known, peer-reviewed journal on Latin America - it covers many aspects of Latin America as taught at Portsmouth.

  • Latin American Research Review

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    An excellent source of peer-reviewed articles on Latin America. A distinctive feature of this journal is the large review essay section in each issue which compares and contrasts 5 or more books on specific topics (different each issue).

  • Caucasus Survey

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    An essential peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal covering the Caucasus – the independent republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, de facto entities in the area and the North Caucasian republics and regions of the Russian Federation.

  • Central Asian Survey

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A key, peer-reviewed journal covering the history, politics, cultures, religions and economies of the Central Asian and Caucasian regions. 

  • East European Politics

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    An essential, peer-reviewed journal covering political developments in individual post-communist countries, together with cross-country comparative analyses, and studies relating the post-communist region to other parts of the world.

  • Europe-Asia Studies

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The main, peer-reviewed journal focusing on the history and current political, social and economic affairs of the countries of the former 'communist bloc' of the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and Asia. 

  • Post-Soviet Affairs

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A key, peer-reviewed journal on the polities, economies, societies and foreign relations of Russia and other republics of the former USSR.

  • Problems of Post-communism

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A top, peer-reviewed journal covering current economic, political, security and international developments and trends affecting post-communist countries.

  • European Sources Online

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A key source for the European Union, ESO provides information about the institutions, structures, countries, regions, peoples, policies and processes of the EU and the wider Europe. The European Union Policies section gives very useful summaries on many policy areas.

  • JSTOR

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Provides access to more than 12 million journal articles, books, images, reports and primary sources in 75 disciplines.
    Watch this video for great tips.

  • Library of Congress

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The US equivalent of the British Library listing 14 million books etc. You can find many primary source foreign policy documents here too.

  • Political Science Resources on JSTOR

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    JSTOR started as a journal archive but it now offers much more. Jump straight to the articles and chapters on JSTOR which are most useful for IR and Politics topics. You will also find tips about using JSTOR and carrying out research.

Citation databases can be very helpful for advanced research at Masters' level upwards as they help you move quickly from a known author or article to finding out which other articles list them in their bibliographies. This is especially useful when you have only found a small number of results in your initial searches.

  • Scopus

    Large abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature covering all subject areas.

  • Web of Science

    Part of Web of Knowledge, includes records for thousands of scholarly publications. Search across three main citation databases (Science/Social Science/Arts & Humanities). 

News Sources

  • China Daily

    The official English newspaper of China.

  • The Conversation - Politics + Society

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Search and browse, or sign up to the daily newsletter, for an independent source of news analysis and informed comment written by academic experts working with professional journalists to reach a wider audience. The Conversation aims to provide the expert insight needed to better understand current affairs and the complex issues we face.

  • The Economist

    Leading weekly magazine covering global political, economic and business news. Includes archive back to 1997. App also available. 

    A full archive from 1843-2015 is available via Gale Historical Archive

    To access:
    1. Enter your University email address
    2. Select University of Portsmouth
    3. Sign in with your University username and password.
  • Financial Times

    Register using your UoP details to access the current FT, and the archive back to 2004, for business and commercial news as well as global financial markets, company and industrial sector information. You can also subscribe to newsletters or use the FT app.

    FT video

  • The Moscow Times

    Russia’s leading, independent, English-language media outlet.

  • Nexis Uni

    Full text articles from many news sources and trade journals both UK and international. Archives sometimes stretching back to the mid 1980s. For use in the UK only.

  • PANAPRESS (Pan African News Agency)

    Based in Senegal with a network of correspondents throughout Africa, this aims to be the most complete information portal on Africa. Also available in French and Portuguese.

  • PressReader

    PressReader lets you access UK and international newspapers, plus a wide range of magazine content. Everything is full colour with archives varying in length depending on the publication.

    Login guidance

  • Associated Press Collections Online: European Bureaus

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    From Vienna, its chief listening post, and also from Prague and Warsaw, the AP covered Eastern Europe during the Cold War. Reporters rotated in and out of the Eastern bloc, writing about the declining influence of the Soviet Union, the last days of the Iron Curtain, and the political and economic re-structuring of the former Soviet satellites. These collections are composed almost entirely of wire copy, which was saved by the bureaus. The Vienna bureau files include copy documenting events in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and the former Yugoslavia in the years 1952 to 2000 (date spans vary by country). News releases from government news agencies are often interfiled. Look out for the Berlin documents dated August 1946 which were rescued from a cellar. Amongst other topics, they cover the food situation of German civilians.

  • Daily Mail Historical Archive, 1896-2016

    Use with care as this tabloid is known for its strong views but it can help with some assignments and certain dissertation topics. Search for stories or use the browse feature to flick through the paper on particular days, including special editions published in connection with Queen Victoria, George V, Elizabeth II's coronation and Winston Churchill. Use Nexis if you want to go beyond 2016.

  • The Economist historical archive 1843-2015

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    This archive gives you highly respected commentary and analysis of global news each week from 1843 to 2015. Search by subject or browse by date. The articles are full facsimiles, including photos and charts.
    Read about financial crises as they happened.

  • The Guardian and Observer Archives

    Access stories and photos from The Guardian (1821-2003) and The Observer (1791-2003). Use Nexis if you want to search up to the current day.

  • International Times

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A British countercultural underground newspaper 1966-1986.

  • Mirror historical archive 1903-2000

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Founded in 1903, the Mirror plays a pivotal role in the history of journalism. Peaking in 1967, with a daily circulation of 5.25 million, the newspaper has had a history full of highs and lows. Today, it is the only mainstream left-wing tabloid remaining in the UK. Gale's Mirror Historical Archive, 1903-2000 features more than 800,000 pages of brand-new, full text searchable, scans of the complete run of the Mirror from 1903-2000, including the Sunday Mirror.

  • Nexis Uni

    Full text articles from many news sources and trade journals both UK and international. Archives sometimes stretching back to the mid 1980s. For use in the UK only.

  • Mirror historical archive 1903-2000

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Founded in 1903, the Mirror plays a pivotal role in the history of journalism. Peaking in 1967, with a daily circulation of 5.25 million, the newspaper has had a history full of highs and lows. Today, it is the only mainstream left-wing tabloid remaining in the UK. Gale's Mirror Historical Archive, 1903-2000 features more than 800,000 pages of brand-new, full text searchable, scans of the complete run of the Mirror from 1903-2000, including the Sunday Mirror.

  • The Telegraph historical archive 1855-2016

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Launched in 1855 as an affordable newspaper (it quickly cut its price to a penny), by 1876 The Telegraph was the largest-selling newspaper in the world. The newspaper was directed at a wealthy, educated readership and is commonly associated with traditional Toryism, despite its more "liberal" beginnings. The Telegraph Historical Archive has over 1 million pages of content and includes the Sunday edition from its inception in 1961. The archive offers a fundamental insight into domestic and international affairs and culture over a time span of almost 150 years.

    Under the editorship of poet and Orientalist Edwin Arnold from 1873 to 1899, the newspaper published widely on foreign affairs and foreign cultures. This led to coverage of Stanley's expedition to Africa in search of David Livingstone, which it co-sponsored with the New York Herald in 1874. Its dedication to foreign news coverage was evidenced by its employment of several renowned special correspondents over the years, including: Winston Churchill, who reported from India in 1897, Rudyard Kipling, who braved the trenches of the First World War, and Clare Hollingworth, who, as the first female war correspondent, relayed the start of the Second World War from Poland.

    During the twentieth century, The Telegraph cemented its reputation as a pioneering yet reliable source of news reporting. There was the infamous uncensored interview with Kaiser Wilhelm of 1908, in which he successfully alienated Britain, France, Russia, and Japan. In 1942, the newspaper published the cryptic crossword puzzle responsible for recruiting Allied codebreakers during the Second World War.

  • The Times: Digital Archive 1785-2019

    Search over 200 years of articles. Articles are full facsimiles of what was published on the day and you can view the article in its original page location if you want.

    Watch this video showing you how to make the most of the features available.

  • US News Archives on the Web

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A comprehensive listing of American newspapers arranged by State. Be careful to check the cost of article retrieval as some are free and others are not.

Policy Analysis and Fact Checkers

  • Adam Smith Institute

    A UK Conservative free-market think tank, focusing on economic policy, the management of the welfare state and funding of public services.

  • BBC Verify

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Look here for expert checking of environmental, political and social issues in the news

  • Channel 4 FactCheck

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Expert fact checking of stories in the news

  • Council on Foreign Relations

    CFR is a non-partisan resource on US foreign and national security policy, providing expert analysis of international news which challenges both policymakers and citizens.

  • Demos

    An independent UK think-tank covering all areas of social and economic policy aiming to offer radical policy solutions.

  • Fabian Society

    A UK left of centre think tank exploring political ideas and policy reforms.

  • Full Fact

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Full Fact are a team of independent fact checkers who check claims made by politicians, public institutions and journalists, as well as viral online content. They ask people to correct the record when they get things wrong in order to stop and reduce the spread of bad information. They are a registered charity launched by a cross-party group, and their board includes representatives of different political parties and viewpoints. Click the Fact Checks tab to jump to thematic sections covering education, health, crime etc.

  • Institute for Government

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A leading think tank providing rigorous research and analysis, topical commentary and public events to explore the key challenges facing government. Their research focuses on the big governance challenges of the day and on finding new ways to help government improve and rethink.

  • Policy Commons

    Access the world’s largest public policy database with 3.2+ million resources from 24,000+ global organizations. Covers topics like health, education, business, and more. Free registration needed for 25 searches a month. Watch this short video to see how it could help you.

  • Think Tank Search (Harvard Kennedy School)

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    This searches the websites of over 1,200 institutions across the world that generate public policy research, analysis and activity. These sites are affiliated with universities, governments, advocacy groups, foundations, and non-governmental organizations. This site also leads you to other sources for finding policy.

  • The Washington Institute for Near East Policy

    The aim of this Institute which was founded in 1985 is to advance a balanced and realistic understanding of American interests in the Middle East and to promote the policies that secure them. The Policy Analysis section leads to detailed documents covering specific issues and countries.

Statistics and Public Opinion

Reliable national and international statistics, plus sources for public opinion

  • African Development Indicators

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    High quality data gathered together by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.

  • Data and Statistics about the United States from USA.gov

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access a range of statistics from the Census and Federal Government agencies

  • Defence Analytical Services and Advice

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    UK Defence statistics.

  • Eurostat

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Eurostat is the statistical office of the European Union and its task is to provide the European Union with statistics at European level that enable comparisons between countries and regions.

  • International Historical Statistics 1750-2010

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    This gives a wide range of statistics on population, education, (un)employment, agriculture, industry, motor vehicles, railways, TV and radio etc. Data can be viewed as PDF (downloadable) or Excel format which can then be exported. Make sure to use the "Search within book" option, not Springer's general search box at the top of the screen.

  • Missing Numbers

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Missing Numbers is about the data that the UK government doesn't collect. It is a project of the Centre for Public Data.

  • Our World in Data

    Our World in Data is a collaborative effort between researchers at the University of Oxford and the non-profit organization Global Change Data Lab (GCDL)

  • Statistical Abstract of the United States

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Authoritative data going back to 1878 from the United States Census Bureau. For earlier years data is available via PDF or Zip files but more recent years have Excel spreadsheets available to download.

  • UK National Statistics: Publication Hub

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Official statistics from the UK Government.

  • United Nations Statistics Division

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Use this site to help gather a large range of statistics, including detailed data on progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

  • World Development Indicators

    A key source for comparing statistics useful for modules on development issues. Scroll down looking on the right to find the wide list of topics covered.

  • Eurobarometer surveys

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access public opinion surveys of EU citizens on a wide variety of topics from 1974 onwards.

  • Gallup

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Surveys of American public opinion. There is also a section which covers countries across the world.

  • Ipsos MORI

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Go to the Political Monitor and Political Polling sections for UK public opinion data relevant to Politics courses.

  • Latinobarómetro

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Results of Latin American public opinion surveys from 1995 onwards. Available in English and Spanish. Go to Online Data Analysis for summary reports by country. 

  • Pew Research Center

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A respected, non-partisan organisation based in the USA which carries out opinion polls, demographic research and other data-driven social science research. Look here for trusted reports and statistics about U.S. politics and policy; religion and public life; Hispanic trends; global attitudes and trends; and U.S. social and demographic trends; journalism and media; internet, science and technology.

  • YouGov

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Public opinion from over 350,000 volunteers from across the UK.

Films, TV, Radio and Training Videos

  • BoB: On demand TV and radio for education

    An archive of UK television and radio programmes from free to air channels (1998 onwards). For use in the UK only. Find some great tips about how to use BoB in these short videos.

  • Kanopy

    A unique collections of films including award-winning documentaries, training films and theatrical releases on every topic imaginable. Content can be searched or browsed.

  • Linkedin Learning

    Online learning and training courses covering business and employability, as well as creative and technical skills.

Other Key Sources - UK and Worldwide

  • Chatham House online archive

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    This archive contains analysis, research, debates and speeches from the Royal Institute of International Affairs from 1920-2008. Topics covered include the Spanish Civil War, the Cold War, energy security, nuclear disarmament, decolonisation etc. You can also listen to recordings of meetings and speeches as well as seeing the transcript in many cases.

    Watch this short introductory video.

  • Churchill Archive

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access 800,000 pages of primary source documents produced between 1874 and 1965. You will find handwritten letters to and from Winston Churchill, plus the typed manuscripts of his speeches. The Teaching & Research section also contains academic overviews on key topics such as women and social change, empire and imperialism, the origins of the First World War, the Cold War and nuclear weapons, the "special relationship" between Britain and America and Churchill as First Lord of the Admiralty - all have links to relevant documents within the archive.

  • The Encyclopedia of Empire

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Read in-depth coverage about empires across the world from ancient to modern times. Entries include the Suez Crisis of 1956, the partition of Africa, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dutch East Indies, propaganda and empire, decolonization in the French and British empires, postcolonialism and much more.

  • U.S. Declassified Documents Online

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    U.S. Declassified Documents Online gives you a broad range of records spanning the 20th and 21st centuries. The collection brings together the most sensitive documents from all the presidential libraries and numerous executive agencies in a single, easily searchable database. You will find this useful for a range of topics including decolonisation and foreign policy across the world, as well as civil rights etc.

    You can view a short video explaining this archive. To help you narrow down effectively, there is also a video about the advanced search features.

  • UK Parliamentary Papers 1688-2005

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Search or browse one of the most detailed primary sources for the history of Britain and its former colonies. Reports from military officers serving abroad are included, as well as Command Papers, Bills, Committee reports. Hansard is available from 1803-2005. (See UK Parliament link if you need more recent papers.)

  • Amnesty International

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A global movement which campaigns to end grave abuses of human rights.

  • Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED)

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    ACLED is a US registered NGO. ACLED collects information on the dates, actors, locations, fatalities, and types of all reported political violence and protest events around the world. The ACLED team conducts analysis to describe and explore conflict trends. Their mission is to provide accurate and accessible data and analysis to better inform decisions that reduce violent conflict.

  • Cold War History from the Wilson Center Digital Archive

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A brilliant collection of declassified documents covering the Cuban Missile Crisis and many other aspects of the Cold War. If you click Collections you will gain access to a wide range of documents from former communist countries, as well documents on nuclear history around the world and archives about the Berlin Wall, the Iran-Iraq War, Saddam Hussein's Iraq and much more.

  • Election Resources on the Internet

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Detailed local and national election statistics from around the world.

  • Elections (UK, National and European)

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    An independent body set up by the UK Parliament to regulate party and election finance and set standards for well-run elections.

  • Full Fact

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Full Fact are a team of independent fact checkers who check claims made by politicians, public institutions and journalists, as well as viral online content. They ask people to correct the record when they get things wrong in order to stop and reduce the spread of bad information. They are a registered charity launched by a cross-party group, and their board includes representatives of different political parties and viewpoints. Click the Fact Checks tab to jump to thematic sections covering education, health, crime etc.

  • International Crisis Group

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    An independent, non-profit, NGO committed to preventing and resolving deadly conflict.

  • Middle East Centre at the LSE

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Go to the Resources section on this site to find Podcasts of presentations and discussions about the Middle East which have been hosted by the London School of Economics and Political Science.

  • Political Studies Association

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The leading UK body promoting the study of politics. Membership is international and includes practitioners and policy-makers, as well as academics and students.

  • World Development Report

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Produced annually since 1978, this is the World Bank's major analytical publication. The report focuses on a different topic each year.

  • British Government Information and Propaganda, 1939-2009

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    This collection contains materials produced by the British Ministry of Information (MOI) and Central Office of Information (COI) from 1939-2009. It provides a unique insight into what successive British governments wanted their citizens to know, think, and do, as well as how their methods and media of achieving their aims changed over time. In addition, it reveals the image of Britain that different governments chose to project to the rest of the world.

    Items range from posters and stickers to pamphlets and guidance booklets. The subject matter is just as varied, covering public health, education, social security, civil defence, international politics, race relations, sex discrimination, public sector career opportunities, policing, the environment, and Britain’s membership of the European Economic Community. Most of the items were published during the post-war period, but some date from the First and Second World Wars. 

  • British Political Speeches

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    An online archive of British political speeches, searchable by date, party, name or keyword. The archive holds the text of speeches given by Conservative, Labour and Liberal/Liberal Democrat Party leaders from 1895 to the present.

  • The Cabinet Papers

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Search or browse the full text of British Cabinet Papers from 1915-1996 which are held in the National Archives. If you want to search, it is worth reading the search tips available on the site.

  • CAIN

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Conflict and Politics in Northern Ireland 1968 to the present.

  • GOV.UK

    Use this site to find UK Government information, publications or statistics.

  • Margaret Thatcher Foundation

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access declassified documents from Margaret Thatcher's personal files, as well as public and private archives in the UK and USA. You will also find videos, photos and the text of most speeches up to 1990.

  • Tony Blair Archive

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    This site hosted by The National Archive links via the UK Government Web Archive to the Office of the Prime Minister and Number 10 - Tony Blair Archives. Following the Office of the Prime Minister link you can access speeches, statements and press conferences, as well as video recordings of Prime Minister's Questions.

  • UK General Elections Party Manifestos

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Manifestos from 1945 onwards.

  • UK Parliamentary Papers 1688-2005

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Search or browse one of the most detailed primary sources for the history of Britain and its former colonies. Reports from military officers serving abroad are included, as well as Command Papers, Bills, Committee reports. Hansard is available from 1803-2005. (See UK Parliament link if you need more recent papers.)

  • UK Parliament: Publications & Records

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access the daily record of debates in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords right up to the present (the Weekly Information Bulletin, business papers, Committee publications and Register of Members' Interests are also available). Includes Hansard.

  • UK Parliament Hansard

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The official report of all parliamentary debates.

  • Africa is a Country

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Founded in 2009, this site contains opinion, analysis and new writing. 

  • The Africa Programme at Chatham House

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    This site offers reliable, independent, policy-focused research covering all countries in sub-Saharan Africa. 

  • African Arguments

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    This is a pan-African platform for news, investigation and opinion, analysing issues facing the continent and providing a platform for a diversity of voices. Over two-thirds of articles published in 2019 were by African authors. 

  • Digital Innovation South Africa

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Online scholarly resource focusing on the socio-political history of South Africa, particularly the struggle for freedom during the period from 1950 to the first democratic elections in 1994

  • ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States)

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Founded in 1975, ECOWAS is a 15-member regional group with a mandate of promoting economic integration and self-sufficiency across West Africa.

  • Struggles for Freedom: Southern Africa

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The liberation of Southern Africa and the dismantling of the Apartheid regime was one of the major political developments of the 20th century, with far-reaching consequences for people throughout Africa and around the globe. Access a collection of documents which focuses on the complex and varied liberation struggles in the region, with an emphasis on Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. It brings together materials from various archives and libraries throughout the world documenting colonial rule, dispersion of exiles, international intervention, and the worldwide networks that supported successive generations of resistance within the region.

  • Europa

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The official website of the European Union (available in 23 languages).

  • European Parliament

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Everything you need to know about the European Parliament past and present

  • Press Corner

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Search the full text of EU press releases and speeches from 1975 onwards.

  • Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    ECLAC (or CEPAL in Spanish) is one of 5 regional commissions of the United Nations whose aims are to promote the economic and social development of Latin America and the Caribbean. The site's Data and Statistics section is a key, trusted source to look at - in particular, check out the Statistical Yearbook for Latin America and the Caribbean .

  • Inter-American Development Bank

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The IDB has been a leading source of development funding for Latin America and the Caribbean since 1959. The site contains lots of useful information and a data section.

  • LANIC

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A listing of key web resources covering South and Central America compiled by experts at the University of Texas.

  • Carnegie Moscow Center

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A leading source of analysis on Russia and the countries of the former Soviet Union covering domestic politics, societal trends, economics, foreign policy, and nuclear nonproliferation.

  • The Caucasian Knot

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    An online media outlet providing unbiased information about events in the Caucasus since 2001.

  • The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Cutting edge analysis of the region geared toward a practitioner audience.

  • Eurasia Daily Monitor

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A unique analytical resource on the emerging security realities in the former Soviet space produced since 2004 by The Jamestown Foundation, based in Washington, D.C. 

  • Eurasianet

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    An independent news organization that covers news from and about the South Caucasus and Central Asia, providing on-the-ground reporting and critical perspectives on the most important developments in the region.

  • PONARS Eurasia

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Academic research on security, politics, economics, and society in Russia and Eurasia.

  • Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    RFE/RL journalists report uncensored news in 23 countries where a free press is banned by the government or not fully established.

  • The Russia File

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A recommended blog offering insights into Russia’s politics, history, culture and society, and its relationship with the surrounding region and the Unites States.

  • Russian Presidential Website

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The official website of the Russian President, including texts of documents and recordings of events

  • Think Tank Reports on the Invasion of Ukraine

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Useful bibliography with annotations and links on recent European think tank publications about the conflict.

  • The [US] National Archives

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access key US documents, including the Declaration of Independence, online.

  • The American Presidency Project

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access over 100,000 documents related to the study of the Presidency from George Washington onwards - includes speeches and foreign policy documents.

  • Congress.gov

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    US legislative information from the Library of Congress.

  • Congressional Research Service Reports on Foreign Policy and Regional Affairs

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Reports dating from 2001 onwards prepared by analysts for members and committees of Congress. Useful primary sources on US foreign policy.

  • Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS)

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The official historical record of major U.S. foreign policy decisions that have been declassified and edited for publication. You can browse or search documents from 1861-1960.

  • The National Security Archive

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Good for US history and politics from the twentieth century onwards, this site contains declassified US documents.

  • Office of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI)

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The US DNI/ODNI aims to deliver the most insightful intelligence possible. The DNI is the principal adviser to the President, the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security Council for intelligence matters related to national security. Use this site to access their reports.

  • Political database of the Americas

    Fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Information from across North and South America about institutions and political processes, national constitutions, branches of government, elections, political constitutional studies

  • Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Gives access to documents and photos from 1991 onwards.

  • US Defense Department

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

  • USA.gov

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The official web portal of the U.S. government giving access to government information and services. You will also find a section aimed at visitors to the U.S.

  • The White House

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Key links to information about the current Presidential Administration, including speeches, statements, legislation and major policy areas. 

  • The American Presidency Project

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access over 100,000 documents related to the study of the Presidency from George Washington onwards - includes speeches and foreign policy documents.

  • Barack Obama Presidential Library

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access photos, videos and documents related to the Obama presidency

  • Clinton Digital Library

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    The [Bill] Clinton Digital Library is a virtual research room and digital repository that provides free and open access to the digitized collections of the William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum to everyone, anywhere in the world

  • Donald J. Trump Presidential Library

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Accessed archived websites, social media and other material related to the Trump presidency on a site administered by the US National Archives and Records Administration

  • The Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A rich range of resources related to FDR.

  • George Bush [Senior] Presidential Library and Museum

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access information and detailed documents related to this President

  • George W. Bush Presidential Library

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access information and detailed documents related to this President

  • Harry S Truman Library and Museum

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    This site gives you access to most of President Truman's public messages, statements, speeches, and news conference remarks.

  • John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access sound and video clips, together with photos and documents related to JFK (type archive in the search box to get a link to the Digital Archives)

  • The Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Access photos and documents related to LBJ

  • Papers of Dwight Eisenhower

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    This selection from the American Presidency Project gives you the text of the primary sources needed for studying Eisenhower's Presidency.

  • Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    Gives access to documents and photos from 1991 onwards.

  • The Theodore Roosevelt Library at the Miller Center, University of Virginia

    Not fully searchable in EBSCO Discovery

    A key site for this President which includes an essay on foreign affairs.

Referencing

Use Referencing@Portsmouth to find out how to reference all the sources you have used:

Everyone in Politics, International Relations, International Development and Public Administration uses APA 7th edition.
Use Search APA 7 within Referencing@Portsmouth to locate specific referencing advice on chapters, articles, government documents and reports, as well as abbreviations, appendices, tables and more.

New to referencing? Watch this short APA basics video.  

 

Can I use ChatGPT/AI to generate references? 

Be aware that ChatGPT and similar tools invent academic references (see the more button for why). Using such fabricated information in your work is considered academic misconduct so you should always double check any AI generated references. The University has guidance for students on the use of AI and the Library has produced guidance on citing and referencing generative AI.

ChatGPT is a large language model which has been trained which words should appear and in what order - hence similar authors/titles/journals get linked with each other, producing very plausible sounding references that actually don't exist - the words simply have connections to each other within its training data. When prompted "How does ChatGPT predict which words come next?" ChatGPT stated that it "predicts which words come next based on the patterns it learns from the training data. When given a prompt or context, the model uses its knowledge of language patterns to generate likely sequences of words that would follow the input" ... "it predicts one word at a time, based on the previously generated words" ... " and then calculates the probability distribution of the next word in the sequence based on the patterns it has learned from the training data" (OpenAI, 2023). 

Reference

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 23 Version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

All reference generators make errors! 

Ensure you check and edit your references before submitting your work.  Here are some common errors.

There are many different ways to generate APA citations:

  • Quick options:
    • Look for a "Cite" button in EBSCO databases like Discovery, or in Ebook Central, Statista, Google Scholar etc.
  • Advanced options:
    • See our referencing tools page. The humanities and social sciences librarian supports the use of EndNote Online.

We do not advise using the referencing tool in Word.