APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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Reference
Author, Initials. (Year of submission). Title of thesis [Doctoral thesis, Name of University]. Database/website name. URL
Evans, C. A. (2013). The media representation of Formula One as 'spectacle': constructing sport as a live mediatised event [Doctoral thesis, Cardiff University]. British Library EThOS. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=10&uin=uk.bl.ethos.567544
In-text Citation
For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.
It can be argued that... (Evans, 2013).
Evans (2013, p. 76) argues that...