APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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Bloomberg terminals contain many different types of sources.
If the source you are using contains a link to an external site where it originated, please click through and use the original for your reference and citation. The format of your reference and citation will depend on the type of source it is.
If the source you are using is only available from the Bloomberg terminal, please follow the guidance below.
With named author(s)
Reference
Author, Initials. or Name of organisation. (Year of publication). Title. Retrieved from Bloomberg terminal.
J. Sainsbury Plc. (2020). Annual report and Financial Statements. Retrieved from Bloomberg terminal.
In-text Citation
If the source doesn't have any page numbers you can use paragraph numbers in place of pages if you need to use them. You should use para. in place of p. to show this is what you are doing. For information about the use of page and paragraph numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.
Profits were affected... (J. Sainsbury Plc., 2020)
J. Sainsbury Plc. (2020, p. 5) reported profits...
Without named author
Some content is written by Bloomberg themselves. This won't have a link to an external site or a named author. In this case, you can use Bloomberg as the author.
Reference
Bloomberg. (Year of publication if available). Title. Retrieved from Bloomberg terminal.
Bloomberg. (n.d.). Apple Inc. financial analysis. Retrieved from Bloomberg terminal.
In-text Citation
If the source doesn't have any page numbers you can use paragraph numbers in place of pages if you need to use them. You should use para. in place of p. to show this is what you are doing. For information about the use of page and paragraph numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.
It was reported that... (Bloomberg, n.d.).
Bloomberg (n.d., para. 4) reported that...