APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments. 

Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer. 

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If, after looking at this guidance, you are still stuck, then we can help. If you have a quick question then chat to us online, and if you need more help then you can book an online appointment by emailing library@port.ac.uk

Newspaper articles

Includes newspaper articles from national and regional newspapers, and obituaries.

Treat these sources as online newspaper articles.

 

Online news article with single author 

If the online news site doesn't give page numbers, omit them from your reference.

 

Reference 

Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper/Name of website, start and end page numbers. URL

Howard, H. (2021, June 16). Stop, collaborate and listen - Ice is back cos a horse went missin': Vanilla Ice hopes to solve mystery of who kidnapped Shergar in new podcast. Daily Mail. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9691929/Vanilla-Ice-hopes-solve-mystery-kidnapped-Shergar-new-podcast.html

Morris, C. (2021, June 16). Brexit: Can the UK and the EU reach a deal on Northern Ireland? BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/57475591

 

In-text Citation

If the article doesn't have any page numbers you can use paragraph numbers in place of pages if you need to use them. You should use para. in place of p. to show this is what you are doing. For information about the use of page and paragraph numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.

It was reported that... (Howard, 2021).

Morris (2021, para. 8) reported that...

 

Online news article with two authors

If the online news site doesn't give page numbers, omit them from your reference.

 

Reference 

Author, Initials., & Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper/Name of website, start and end page numbers. URL

Mohdin, A., & Campbell, L. (2020, November 13). ‘So many people care!’ The young Britons whose lives were changed by Black Lives Matter. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/13/how-black-lives-matter-has-inspired-a-generation-of-new-uk-activists

 

In-text Citation 

If the article doesn't have any page numbers you can use paragraph numbers in place of pages if you need to use them. You should use para. in place of p. to show this is what you are doing. For information about the use of page and paragraph numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.

It was reported that... (Mohdin & Campbell, 2020).

Mohdin and Campbell (2020, para. 2) highlighted concerns... 

 

If your article has more than two authors, please follow the guidance here. 

 

Online news article with no named author

If the author of an article is unknown, move the title of the article to the author position at the beginning of the reference.

If the online newspaper doesn't give page numbers, omit them from your reference.

 

Reference 

Title of article. (Year, Month Date). Title of Newspaper/Name of website, start and end page numbers. URL

Queen's Birthday honours: Red Arrows pilot trust founder appointed OBE. (2021, June 12). BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-57441996

 

In-text Citation 

Use the first few significant words of the title in your in-text citation. As the title is not italicised in the reference, use double quotation marks around the title in the in-text citation.

If the article doesn't have any page numbers you can use paragraph numbers in place of pages if you need to use them. You should use para. in place of p. to show this is what you are doing. For information about the use of page and paragraph numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.

It was reported that... ("Queens birthday honours", 2021). 

In "Queens birthday honours" (2021, para. 5) it was reported that...

 

Online newspaper article with single author 

If the online newspaper doesn't give page numbers, omit them from your reference.

 

Reference 

Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, start and end page numbers. URL

Poulter, S. (2021, January 14). Boris admits Brexit 'teething' problems: PM quizzed on N Ireland supermarket shortages. Daily Mail, 24. https://www.pressreader.com/uk/daily-mail/20210114

 

In-text Citation

If the article doesn't have any page numbers you can use paragraph numbers in place of pages if you need to use them. You should use para. in place of p. to show this is what you are doing. For information about the use of page and paragraph numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.

It was reported that... (Poulter, 2021).

Poulter (2021, p. 24) highlighted concerns...

 

Online newspaper article with two authors

If the online newspaper doesn't give page numbers, omit them from your reference.

 

Reference 

Author, Initials., & Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, start and end page numbers. URL

Mohdin, A., & Campbell, L. (2020, November 13). How Black Lives Matter has inspired a generation of new UK activists. The Guardian. https://advance.lexis.com/api/permalink/95d48ad2-be0e-4677-a287-190d1650b755/?context=1516831

 

In-text Citation 

If the article doesn't have any page numbers you can use paragraph numbers in place of pages if you need to use them. You should use para. in place of p. to show this is what you are doing. For information about the use of page and paragraph numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.

It was reported that... (Mohdin & Campbell, 2020).

Mohdin and Campbell (2020, para. 2) highlighted concerns... 

 

If your article has more than two authors, please follow the guidance here. 

 

Online newspaper article with no named author

If the author of an article is unknown, move the title of the article to the author position at the beginning of the reference.

If the online newspaper doesn't give page numbers, omit them from your reference.

 

Reference 

Title of article. (Year, Month Date). Title of Newspaper, start and end page numbers. URL

New leadership for the Southland and a plan for growth. (2021, May 17). Chicago Tribune, 15. https://www.pressreader.com/usa/chicago-tribune/20210517

Opening of the new town hall. (1890, August 9). Portsmouth Evening News, 2-4. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/IG3218680739/BNCN?u=uniportsmouth&sid=bookmark-BNCN&xid=d65610bf

 

In-text Citation 

Use the first few significant words of the title in your in-text citation. As the title is not italicised in the reference, use double quotation marks around the title in the in-text citation.

If the article doesn't have any page numbers you can use paragraph numbers in place of pages if you need to use them. You should use para. in place of p. to show this is what you are doing. For information about the use of page and paragraph numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.

It was suggested that... ("New leadership", 2021). 

In "New Leadership" (2021, para. 3) it was reported that... 

In "Opening of the new town hall" (1890, p. 2) the ceremony was described as...

 

Print newspaper article with a single author

Reference 

Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, start and end page numbers. 

Brown, M. (2021, April 1). Business is raring to go... Rishi confident of a strong recovery. Daily Express, 11. 

 

In-text Citation 

For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here. 

It was reported that... (Brown, 2021).

Brown (2021, p. 11) suggested that...

 

Print newspaper article with two authors

Reference 

Author, Initials., & Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, start and end page numbers.

DeBonis, M., & Demirjian, K. (2021, February 23). Senate hearing aims to uncover true story of Capitol riot. The Washington Post, A4. 

 

In- text Citation 

For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here. 

It was revealed that... (DeBonis & Demirjian, 2021). 

DeBonis and Demirjian (2021, p. A4) stated that... 

 

If your article has more than two authors, please follow the guidance here.

 

Print newspaper article with no named author

If the author of an article is unknown, move the title of the article to the author position at the beginning of the reference.

 

Reference 

Title of article. (Year, Month Date). Title of Newspaper, start and end page numbers.

Award-winner Kaluuya: I don't see myself as a Brit when I take US roles. (2021, March 2). Evening Standard, 11. 

 

In-text Citation

Use the first few significant words of the title in your in-text citation. As the title is not italicised in the reference, use double quotation marks around the title in the in-text citation. 

For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.

It was claimed that... ("Award-winner Kaluuya", 2021).

In "Award-winner Kaluuya" (2021, p. 11) it was argued that...

 

Magazine articles

Includes monthly and weekly magazines, and trade publications.

Online magazine article with a single author 

If the online magazine doesn't give page numbers, omit them from your reference.

 

Reference  

Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Magazine, Volume number if applicable(Issue number), start and end page numbers. https://doi.org/or URL 

Macdonald, H. (2018, December 12). Time travel on a woodland walk. New Statesman, 147(5448), 38-39. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lfh&AN=133433590&site=eds-live

 

In-text Citation 

If the article doesn't have any page numbers you can use paragraph numbers in place of pages if you need to use them. You should use para. in place of p. to show this is what you are doing. For information about the use of page and paragraph numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.

It has been shown... (Macdonald, 2018).

In her article, Macdonald (2018, p. 38)... 

 

If your article has more than one author, please follow the guidance here.

 

Online magazine article with no named author

If the author of an article is unknown, move the title of the article to the author position at the beginning of the reference. 

If the online magazine doesn't give page numbers, omit them from your reference.

 

Reference 

Title of article. (Year, Month Date). Title of Magazine, Volume number if applicable(Issue number), start and end page numbers. https://doi.org/or URL

UK companies set to clean up space sector. (2021, April 22). BBC Sky at Night, (192), 12. https://www.pressreader.com/uk/sky-at-night-magazine/20210422/page/12

 

In-text Citation 

As the title is not italicised in the reference, use double quotation marks around the title in the in-text citation. If the title is long you can shorten it to the first few significant words. 

If the article doesn't have any page numbers you can use paragraph numbers in place of pages if you need to use them. You should use para. in place of p. to show this is what you are doing. For information about the use of page and paragraph numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.

It was reported... ("UK companies set", 2021).

In "UK companies set" (2021, p. 12) it was suggested that... 

 

Not all magazines give their issues both volume and issue numbers. If the magazine does not use volume, issue, and/or article or page numbers, omit the missing element(s) from the reference. For examples of this, please see below.

 

 

Example with a missing volume number 

Reference 

Hewitt, C. (2021, June 1). The mischief maker. Empire (UK), (388), 48-57. https://www.pressreader.com/uk/empire-uk/20210601

 

In-text Citation 

If the article doesn't have any page numbers you can use paragraph numbers in place of pages if you need to use them. You should use para. in place of p. to show this is what you are doing. For information about the use of page and paragraph numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.

In an interview... (Hewitt, 2021).

Hewitt (2021, p. 50) suggests that... 

 

Example with a missing volume number, issue number and page number

Reference 

Preston, D. (2021, May 10). Has an old Soviet mystery at last been solved? The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/05/17/has-an-old-soviet-mystery-at-last-been-solved

 

In-text Citation 

If the article doesn't have any page numbers you can use paragraph numbers in place of pages if you need to use them. You should use para. in place of p. to show this is what you are doing. For information about the use of page and paragraph numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.

It was found... (Preston, 2021).

Preston (2021, para. 2) wrote that...

 

Print magazine article with a single author 

Reference 

Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of magazine, Volume number if applicable(Issue Number), start and end page numbers.  

Gardiner, B. (2021, April). The deadly cost of dirty air. National Geographic, 239(4), 40-63.

In-text Citation 

For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here. 

In the article... (Gardiner, 2021).

Gardiner (2021, p. 43) argues that...

 

If your article has more than one author, please follow the guidance here.

 

Print magazine article with no named author 

Reference 

If the author of an article is unknown, move the title of the article to the author position at the beginning of the reference. 

Title of article. (Year, Month Date). Title of magazine, Volume number if applicable(Issue Number), start and end page numbers.  

Rise of the robots: How Horizon's machine combat is evolving. (2021, February 9). Playstation Official Magazine UK, (185), 14. 

In-text Citation 

As the title is not italicised in the reference, use double quotation marks around the title in the in-text citation. If the title is long you can shorten it to the first few significant words.  

For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here. 

It was reported that... ("Rise of the robots", 2021).

In "Rise of the robots" (2021, p. 14) it was suggested that...

 

Not all magazines give their issues both volume and issue numbers. If the magazine does not use volume, issue, and/or article or page numbers, omit the missing element(s) from the reference. For examples of this, please see below.

 

 

Example with a missing volume number 

Reference 

Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of magazine, (Issue Number), start and end page numbers.  

Balestrieri, J. D. (2020, January 1) Subtle subversions and luscious loops. American Fine Art Magazine, (55), 40-45. 

In-text Citation 

For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.

It has been shown... (Balestrieri, 2020).

In his article Balestrieri (2020, p. 41) argues...

 

Example with a missing volume number, issue number and day of publication

Reference

Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of magazine, start and end page numbers.

Thomas, A (2020, January). Garden birds at risk. BBC Gardeners' World, 60-61.

In-text Citation 

For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.

The article (Thomas, 2020) states that... 

In his article Thomas (2020, p. 60) suggests that...