APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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In your reference list, for all sources with up to twenty authors include all of their names in the reference and use an ampersand (&) before the final author's name.
Author, Initials., & Author, Initials.
Author, Initials., Author, Initials., & Author, Initials.
For a source with twenty-one or more authors, include the first nineteen authors names, insert an ellipsis (three dots separated by spaces) but no ampersand, and then add the final author's name.
Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., Author, Initials., . . . Author, Initials.
For information about citations for sources with multiple authors, please see the guidance here.