This is the Vancouver style for referencing, used at the Univerity of Portsmouth within the School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and the Radiography departments.

This guide is modelled on Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (2nd edition). You may wish to consult this source directly for additional information or examples.

This includes specific webpages and whole websites.

Use the webpage format if you are referring to a particular document or piece of information from a specific webpage within a website.

Use the website format only when referencing an entire website from the homepage onwards or if you are making a passing reference to a website in the text of your work.  

Date of websites:

Always try to give the date a website first appeared if it can be found. Look at "about us" or "history" pages.

Follow this by revision date if there is one - e.g. [updated 2008 Feb 04]


Date of copyright is acceptable (preface with the c. For example,  c2021 ) if no publication date can be found.  

Still follow this with revision date information, if available.


If no date appears on the item you are trying to reference, insert [date unknown] where you would normally give the year.