APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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Republished or reprinted book
Use this format when the book is a reproduction of an original work, which has not been edited or had anything added.
Reference
Author, Initials. (Year of reprint or republication). Title. Publisher. (Original work published Year of original publication)
Pevsner, N. (2011). Pioneers of modern design: from William Morris to Walter Gropius. Palazzo. (Original work published 1936)
In-text Citation
In-text citations for republished works require both the initial publication and republication dates, in numerical order.
For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.
It could be argued that… (Pevsner, 1936/2011).
Pevsner (1936/2011, p. 102) states that...
Republished book with editor
Use this format if the original work has been edited. In some cases, several shorter works with different original publication dates are combined by editors into one larger one. You can use a date range in the reference and citation to show this.
Reference
Author, Initials. (Year of republication). Title (Initials. Editor of book, Ed.). Publisher. (Original work published Year of original publication)
Tyrwhit, E. (2008). Elizabeth Tyrwhit's morning and evening prayers (S. M. Felch, Ed.). Ashgate. (Original works published 1574-1582)
In-text Citation
In-text citations for republished works require both the initial publication and republication dates, in numerical order.
For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.
Use the original author in the in-text citation.
...can be shown by her use of language (Tyrwhit, 1574-1582/2008, p. 47).
Tyrwhit (1574-1582/2008) uses these techniques...
Republished book with new foreword or introduction by another author
Use this format when a person other than the original author has added a new part to the work, such as a foreword or introduction, but they are not listed as an editor.
Provide the author of the whole book in the main author element of the reference. Then provide the name of the person who wrote the foreword, introduction, or other new part, in brackets, after the word “with.” In the example below, Eltis wrote a new introduction to the book by Williams.
Reference
Author, Initials. (with new Author, Initials.). (Year of republication). Title. Publisher. (Original work published Year of original publication)
Dickens, C. (with Page, F.). (1953). Great expectations. Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1861)
In-text Citation
In-text citations for republished works require both the initial publication and republication dates, in numerical order.
For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.
When citing the main book, include only the name of the book author in the in-text citation.
When citing the foreword or introduction, include the name of the author of that part in the in-text citation as well - you can do this either parenthetically or narratively.
Dickens (1861/1953) described the character using...
It was later suggested (Dickens, 1861/1953, introduction by Page, p. 12) that...
Page argued that Dickens (1861/1953) used this technique to...
Republished book with new foreword or introduction by another author and a separate named editor
Use this format when a person other than the original author has added a new part to the work, such as a foreword or introduction, and there is also a separate named editor.
Reference
Author, Initials. (with new Author, Initials.). (Year of republication). Title (Initials. Editor of book, Ed.). Publisher. (Original work published Year of original publication)
Brontë, C. (with Shuttleworth, S.). (2000). Jane Eyre (M. Smith, Ed.). Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1847)
In-text Citation
In-text citations for republished works require both the initial publication and republication dates, in numerical order.
For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.
When citing the main book, include only the name of the book author in the in-text citation.
When citing the foreword or introduction, include the name of the author of that part in the in-text citation as well - you can do this either parenthetically or narratively.
Brontë (1847/2000) described this as...
It was later suggested (Brontë, 1847/2000, introduction by Shuttleworth, p. 17) that...
Shuttleworth argued that Brontë (1847/2000) used this technique to...