Looking for something specific? Use this search box to explore our referencing guidance.

 

Social media

  • Give the author’s username as it appears on the hosting platform, including the @ symbol if it is there.

  • If there is no persistent link, only a URL, provide an accessed date after this in the footnote and bibliography entry.

 

Footnote

n Author name as it appears on the source (Platform, Day Month Year, time, GMT+/-) <persistent link>.

or

n Author name as it appears on the source (Platform, Day Month Year, time, GMT+/-) <URL> accessed Day Month Year.

4 aoc (Instagram, 30 June 2023, 1:03am, GMT+4) <https://www.instagram.com/p/CuH0aLrxOFX/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==> accessed 21 July 2023.

 

Bibliography

Each reference should start with a bullet point. No full stop is needed at the end of the reference.

Author name as it appears on the source (Platform, Day Month Year, time, GMT+/-) <persistent link> 

or

Author name as it appears on the source (Platform, Day Month Year, time, GMT+/-) <URL> accessed Day Month Year

aoc (Instagram, 30 June 2023, 1:03am, GMT+4) <https://www.instagram.com/p/CuH0aLrxOFX/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==> accessed 21 July 2023

 

  • Use a timestamp as a pinpoint before the DOI or URL (do not use a perma.cc).
  • Use the title of the podcast as the author.

 

Footnote

n Name of Podcast, 'Title of Podcast episode' (Day Month Year) Time stamp for start and end of pinpoint <DOI>.

or

n Name of Podcast, 'Title of Podcast episode' (Day Month Year) Time stamp for start and end of pinpoint <URL> accessed Day Month Year.

 

1 Double Jeopardy podcast, ‘Episode 27: Dr Bryn Harris – Free Speech, Harm and the Internet’ (7 April 2023) 3:40–3:56 <https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/double-jeopardy/id1633485236?i=1000607857832> accessed 21 July 2023.

2 The Great Post Office Trial podcast, ‘Episode 14: The Prosecution Spree’ (17 January 2024) 8:15-8:50 <https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001sd43> accessed 15 January 2026.

3 In It Together: The Joint Enterprise podcast, ‘Episode 2:  Race and Joint Enterprise’ (10 April 2025)  15:20-16:12 <https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/race-and-joint-enterprise/id1806260234?i=1000702961792>  accessed 14 February 2026.
 

 

Bibliography

Each reference should start with a bullet point. No full stop is needed at the end of the reference.

n Name of Podcast, 'Title of Podcast episode' (Day Month Year) <persistent link>

or

n Name of Podcast, 'Title of Podcast episode' (Day Month Year) <URL> accessed Day Month Year

 

Double Jeopardy podcast, ‘Episode 27: Dr Bryn Harris – Free Speech, Harm and the Internet’ (7 April 2023) <https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/double-jeopardy/id1633485236?i=1000607857832> accessed 21 July 2023

The Great Post Office Trial podcast, ‘Episode 14: The Prosecution Spree’ (17 January 2024) <https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001sd43> accessed 15 January 2026.

In It Together: The Joint Enterprise podcast, ‘Episode 2: Race and Joint Enterprise’ (10 April 2025) <https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/race-and-joint-enterprise/id1806260234?i=1000702961792>  accessed 14 February 2026