APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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Written Evidence
Reference
Committee Name, Title, Written evidence, Submitted by Name (Evidence Number), Day Month Year, HC or HL number, section number (if necessary)
For example:
https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/42866/pdf/ becomes
Home Affairs Committee, Spiking, Written evidence, Submitted by NPCC (SPI0036), 2022, HC 967
Note that written evidence will normally have an evidence number, e.g. (SPI0036)
In-text citation
Evidence presented (Home Affairs Committee, 2022) suggested that...
Oral Evidence
Reference
Committee Name, Title, Oral evidence, Day Month Year, HC or HL number, section number (if necessary)
For example:
https://committees.parliament.uk/oralevidence/3381/pdf/ becomes
Home Affairs Committee, Spiking, Oral evidence, 26 January 2022, HC 967
Oral evidence normally does not have an evidence number so you need to use the full date.
In-text Citation
Evidence presented (Home Affairs Committee, 2022) suggested that...
Note that both of these in-text citations are the same. If you are using written and oral evidence from the same Committee, you will need to follow the Citations with the same author and date as another guidance and add the letters accordingly.