APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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It is unusual to find a webpage with no author. Most webpages will have either individual or corporate (organisational or group) authors.
One exception to this would be articles on online news sites. For guidance on referencing and citing these, please see the guidance here.
However, if the author of a webpage is unknown, you can reference it by moving the title of the article to the author position at the beginning of the reference.
Reference
Title of webpage. (Year, Month Date). Name of Website. URL
In-text Citation
Use the first few significant words of the title in your in-text citation. As the title of the source is italicised in the reference, it should also be italicised in the citation.
If you want to cite a specific part of a webpage, if you're using a direct quote for example, you can use paragraph numbers in your citation. You should use the abbreviation para.