APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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Treat these sources as online newspaper articles.
If the online news site doesn't give page numbers, omit them from your reference.
Online news article with single author
Reference
Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper/Name of website. URL
Howard, H. (2021, June 16). Stop, collaborate and listen - Ice is back cos a horse went missin': Vanilla Ice hopes to solve mystery of who kidnapped Shergar in new podcast. Daily Mail. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9691929/Vanilla-Ice-hopes-solve-mystery-kidnapped-Shergar-new-podcast.html
Morris, C. (2021, June 16). Brexit: Can the UK and the EU reach a deal on Northern Ireland? BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/57475591
In-text Citation
It was reported that... (Howard, 2021, para. 3)
Morris (2021, para. 8) reported that...
Online news article with two authors
Reference
Author, Initials., & Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper/Name of website. URL
Mohdin, A., & Campbell, L. (2020, November 13). ‘So many people care!’ The young Britons whose lives were changed by Black Lives Matter. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/13/how-black-lives-matter-has-inspired-a-generation-of-new-uk-activists
In-text Citation
If your article doesn't have any page numbers you can use paragraph numbers in place of pages. You should use para. in place of p. to show this is what you are doing.
It was reported that... (Mohdin & Campbell, 2020, para. 2)
Mohdin and Campbell (2020, para. 2) highlighted concerns...
If your article has more than two authors, please follow the guidance here.
Online news article with no named author
Reference
If the author of an article is unknown, move the title of the article to the author position at the beginning of the reference.
Title of article. (Year, Month Date). Title of Newspaper/Name of website. URL
Archaeology dig at Caernarfon Castle offers new history insight. (2021, February 4). BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-55922745
In-text Citation
Use the first few significant words of the title in your in-text citation. As the title is not italicised in the reference, use double quotation marks around the title in the in-text citation.
It was reported that... ("Archaeology dig at Caernarfon", 2021, para. 3)
In "Archaeology dig at Caernarfon" (2021, para. 3)...