APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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Webpage with a single named author
Reference
Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of webpage. Name of Website. URL
Vincent, A. (2020, August 20). How can we save UK libraries? A look at the innovative steps being taken by countries around the world. Penguin Books UK. https://www.penguin.co.uk/articles/2020/august/innovative-libraries-around-the-world-ideas.html
In-text Citation
It was stated that ... (Vincent, 2020)
In a feature Vincent (2020) argues...
If you want to cite a specific part of a webpage, if you're using a direct quote for example, you can use paragraph numbers in your citation. You should use the abbreviation para.
It was stated that... (Vincent, 2020, para. 4)
Webpage with two named authors
Reference
For a webpage with up to twenty authors, include all of the names in the reference and use an ampersand before the final author's name.
Poole, N., & Yearwood-Jackman, S. (2021, April 9). CILIP statement on the report of the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities. CILIP. https://www.cilip.org.uk/news/559636/CILIP-Statement-on-the-Report-of-the-Commission-on-Race-and-Ethnic-Disparities.htm
In-text Citation
For sources with two authors, you should use both authors' surnames in each citation. If the citation is inside brackets, use an ampersand (&) between the names, and if they are in the text of your work, use 'and' between them.
In a statement... (Poole & Yearwood-Jackman, 2021)
Poole and Yearwood-Jackman (2021)...
It was stated... (Poole & Yearwood-Jackman, 2021, para. 4)
If the webpage has more than two authors, follow the citation guidance here.