Vancouver
This is the Vancouver style for referencing, used at the Univerity of Portsmouth within the School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and the Radiography departments.
This guide is modelled on Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (2nd edition). You may wish to consult this source directly for additional information or examples.
Academic journal article from an electronic source
The basic pattern is similar to the printed examples but with some important additions.
You will sometimes find that an electronic journal article will have a DOI (Digital object identifier) instead of/as well as a URL. These are intended to give a persistent link to the article. An internet search for this number prefixed with http://dx.doi.org/ should call up a link to the electronic article. If a doi has been given, include it in your reference.
If there is no pagination give a number of [x screens], or approximation of pages [about x p] or [about x paragraphs]
If no date appears on the item you are trying to reference, insert [date unknown] where you would normally give the year.
Reference
Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD, Author EE, Author FF (list all authors). Title of article. Abbreviated title of Journal [Internet]. Year of publication [cited YYYY Mon DD];volume number(issue number):page numbers. Available from: URL doi:
Examples
Liang D, Shi Y. Prescription drug monitoring programs and drug overdose deaths involving benzodiazepines and prescription opioids. Drug Alcohol Rev [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2021 Jul 09];38(5):494-502. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=137585521&site=eds-live
Keller MS, Truong L, Mays AM, Needleman J, Heilemann MS, Nuckols TK. How do contraindications to non-opioid analgesics and opioids affect the likelihood that patients with back pain diagnoses in the primary care setting receive an opioid prescription? An observational cross-sectional study. BMC Fam Pract [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Jul 09];22(1):1-11. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=148903359&site=eds-live https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01386-z
Reiman MP, Decary S, Mathew B, Reiman CK. Accuracy of Clinical and Imaging Tests for the Diagnosis of Hip Dysplasia and Instability: A Systematic Review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2021 Jul 09];49(2):87-97. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=134847873&site=eds-live
In text citation/Reference List
Remember this will be a running number at the first use of a reference. If the reference is re-used then repeat the number allocated.
Keep your style constant, either parenthesis (number) throughout, or superscript number. Do not change between the two. If your department recommends a particular style then use that.
The relationship between aromatase ... (9)
or
The relationship between aromatase ..... 9