APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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Print newspaper article with a single author
Reference
Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, start and end page numbers.
Brown, M. (2021, April 1). Business is raring to go... Rishi confident of a strong recovery. Daily Express, 11.
In-text Citation
For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.
It was reported that... (Brown, 2021).
Brown (2021, p. 11) suggested that...
Print newspaper article with two authors
Reference
Author, Initials., & Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, start and end page numbers.
DeBonis, M., & Demirjian, K. (2021, February 23). Senate hearing aims to uncover true story of Capitol riot. The Washington Post, A4.
In- text Citation
For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.
It was revealed that... (DeBonis & Demirjian, 2021).
DeBonis and Demirjian (2021, p. A4) stated that...
If your article has more than two authors, please follow the guidance here.
Print newspaper article with no named author
Reference
If the author of an article is unknown, move the title of the article to the author position at the beginning of the reference.
Title of article. (Year, Month Date). Title of Newspaper, start and end page numbers.
Award-winner Kaluuya: I don't see myself as a Brit when I take US roles. (2021, March 2). Evening Standard, 11.
In-text Citation
Use the first few significant words of the title in your in-text citation. As the title is not italicised in the reference, use double quotation marks around the title in the in-text citation.
For information about the use of page numbers within in-text citations, please see our guidance here.
It was claimed that... ("Award-winner Kaluuya", 2021).
In "Award-winner Kaluuya" (2021, p. 11) it was argued that...