APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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Images produced using an AI tool
To include the image in your work, follow the same formatting guidance as for any other image. Below the image provide a caption that explains that the work was generated using an AI tool, and what prompt was used. No reference list entry is required for an image that you have produced using an AI tool.
For example:
Figure 1
An AI-generated image of a restaurant.
Note. Image generated using Ideogram.ai from the prompt: A photo of a busy restaurant with views of the sea. The room is filled with wooden tables and chairs. There's a bar in the corner. The walls are adorned with modern lights and abstract artwork. The ceiling has exposed wooden beams. The lighting is warm and soft.
AI-generated images reproduced in a published source
If you use AI-generated images reproduced in a published source (e.g. a newspaper article), follow the formatting guidance for an image and include an in-text citation to the source in the Note.
Include the published source in your reference list using the guidelines for the relevant source type.
It may be helpful for you to state that the image is AI-generated in the caption and/or note.
For example:
Figure 1
Jason Allen’s AI-generated work, Théâtre D’opéra Spatial
(image)
Note. From Roose, 2022.
The reference list entry for this would be:
Roose, K. (2022, September 2). An A.I.-generated picture won an art prize. Artists aren’t happy. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/02/technology/ai-artificial-intelligence-artists.html