APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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If you wish to refer to the title of a book, a series, a film or other source within your work, you may do this by putting the title in italics, and using title case (where all the main words are capitalised).
For example:
The Hunger Games is a series of young adult novels written by the American author Suzanne Collins...
In the Back to the Future films, Marty McFly...
However if you wish to give the name of an article, chapter or other smaller element within a larger work, you should give the title in double quotation marks, and use title case.
For example:
In "Stevenson, Scott and Scottish History" it is shown that... (Lumsden, 2010).
A handy way to remember which you should use is that if the title is in italics in your reference, it would also be in italics in the body of your work. If it's in plain text in your reference, use quotation marks to mention it in your work.
Please note that this is only to be used as formatting when referring to the source(s) within a sentence, not to be used in place of a citation. You should still include a citation to the specific work(s) being discussed.