APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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The APA referencing style distinguishes between a reference list and a bibliography in the following way:
A reference list provides the information necessary to identify each source used in the piece of work, and only those sources. It does not include anything you have read but not directly mentioned or cited from in your work.
A bibliography also lists items you have read but not directly mentioned or cited in your work, such as background reading on a subject. It may include descriptive notes (an annotated bibliography).
Work written according to APA style is required to have a reference list, not a bibliography.