APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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If the webpage has a named author, use this in the reference.
If there is no named individual author, you should use the name of the organisation as the author. When the author and website name are the same, omit the website name from the reference.
Webpage belonging to an organisation which has a named author
Reference
Author, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of webpage. Name of Website. URL
Gränitz, A. (n.d.). CEO Statement. Polygon Group. https://www.polygongroup.com/investors/ceo-statement/
In-text Citation
If you want to cite a specific part of a webpage, because you're using a direct quote for example, you can use paragraph numbers in your citation. You should use the abbreviation para.
It was stated that... (Gränitz, n.d., para. 2)
Gränitz (n.d., para. 2) said that...
Webpage belonging to an organisation with no named author
Reference
Name of Organisation. (Year, Month Date). Title of webpage. URL
World Health Organisation. (2018, May 8). Household air pollution and health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health
National Health Service. (2018, December 18). Overview - Agoraphobia. https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/agoraphobia/overview/
In-text Citation
If the organisation is known by an acronym, you can use this in your second or subsequent citation by following this guidance.
Findings show that... (World Health Organisation, 2018, para. 5)
As the National Health Service (2018) states...