APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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Use the name of the director of a film as the author. If the name of the director is unknown, someone in a similar role can be used - in this instance you would include their role in brackets after their name.
If there is more than one production company involved, include them all separated by a ;
You do not have to specify how you viewed a film, but you can include this information if you are using a particular version of a film which may have distinct features or scenes. Examples of this could include special edition DVDs, subscription sites such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, or Disney+, as well as resources such as Box of Broadcasts. Add this after the word Film in square brackets, separated by a ;
Reference
Director Surname, Initials. (Director) or Producer Surname, Initials. (Producer). (Year of release). Title [Film]. Production company.
Zemeckis, R. (Director). (1985). Back to the future [Film]. Universal Pictures; Amblin Entertainment.
Coogler, R. (Director). (2018). Black panther [Film; Netflix]. Marvel Studios.
In-text Citation
If you mention the title of the film in your sentence, use italics for this.
You can cite a specific part of a film by providing a time stamp for the start of the section.
In Back to the future (Zemeckis, 1985) Marty McFly...
In Black panther, Coogler (2018, 1:09:40) uses...