APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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When referencing material from an edited book, you should usually reference the specific chapter you have used rather than the whole book.
If you've used multiple chapters by different authors, you should create a reference for each.
Variations from this may include an edited collection (anthology) of poetry by a single poet, or of short stories by a single author.
Both in the reference and the in-text citation use the abbreviation (Ed.) for a single editor, or (Eds.) after the last editor when there is more than one.