APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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United Nations Conventions
The following guidance is for the text of Conventions used online. For guidance on referencing print versions, please ask Library staff.
Reference
Title of treaty, Month day, year, https://doi.org or URL
United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, December 10, 1984, https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20I/Chapter%20IV/IV-9.en.pdf
In-text Citation
The UK supported the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984)...
United Nations Treaties
The following guidance is for the text of Treaties used online, and is based on the original publication. If modifications have been made since publication you would need to find the original publications of those additions in order to cite them effectively. For guidance on referencing print versions, please ask Library staff.
Reference
Title of treaty, Month day, year, https://doi.org or URL
Name, U.N. Doc. Number (Month Day, Year) (shortened name)
United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.183/9 (July 17, 1998) (Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court).
In-text Citation
Use the shortened name and the year as your in-text citation.
According to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998), the powers related to....