APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
Need More Help?
If, after looking at this guidance, you are still stuck, then we can help. If you have a quick question then chat to us online, and if you need more help then you can Book an online APA 7 referencing appointment.
European Union Treaties
Reference
Title. Date signed, year of publication O.J. (Series initial issue) First page number, https://doi.org or URL
Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. 15, May 9, 2008, 2008 O.J. (C 115) 47,
In-text Citation
All signatories to the Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (2008)...
European Union Directives and Regulations
Reference
Legislation type Number Title, Year of publication O.J. (Series initial and issue) First page number, https://doi.org or URL
Directive 2008/52 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on Certain Aspects of Mediation in Civil and Commercial Matters, 2008 O.J. (L 136) 3.
Regulation 2015/760 of the European Parliament and of the Council of Apr. 29, 2015, on European long-term investment funds, 2015 O.J. (L123) 98.
In-text Citation
The minister highlighted the terms of Directive 2008/52 (2008) and Regulation 2015/760 (2015) ...